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Xanax, known generically as alprazolam, is classified as a Schedule IV drug under the Controlled Substances Act. This scheduling indicates that it has a lower potential for abuse relative to substances in schedules I through III, and it is recognized for its accepted medical use in treatment. Schedule IV drugs can lead to limited physical or psychological dependence compared to drugs in higher schedules.

In contrast, heroin falls under Schedule I, indicating no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Morphine, which is a powerful opioid, is classified as a Schedule II substance, denoting a high potential for abuse and severe psychological or physical dependence. Cocaine is classified as a Schedule II drug as well, due to its high potential for abuse but recognized medical use in certain contexts. Understanding these classifications is essential for addiction counselors to navigate the complexities of substance use and the legal framework surrounding different drugs.